Beater roll



A. J. ALLISON Oct. 21, I930.

HEATER ROLL Filed Jan. 21 1928 2 SheetsSheet l grunt-11km Get. 21, 1930.A. .1. ALLISON 1,778,710

' HEATER ROLL Filed Jan. 21, 1928 2 Shets-Sheet 2 E13- FT 5 4 Z PatentedOct. 21, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE .ALBERT J. ALLISON, OF DAYTON,OHIO, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO SIMONDS WORDEN WHITE COMPANY, ACORPORATION OF OHIO IBEATER ROLL Application filed January 21, 1928.Serial No. 248,500.

This invention relates to beaters for mechanically treating pulp (calledstuff) in the manufacture of paper, and it relates more particularly toimprovements in the beater roll," whereby the output of the beater isincreased, the quality of the product improved, and a new method ofbeating stuff provided.

The oldest type of beater known, and the 19 one most extensively used tothis day, is

called the hollander, and it comprises a large tub, oblong in plan, buthaving circular ends. A partition in the middle of the tub, parallel tothe sides, which partition terminates some distance from each end,converts the tub into an endless channel in which the stud circulates.This partition is called the midfeather. A. massive roll is mounted torotate in the space between the midfeather so and one side of the tab,on an axis normal to the midfeather. Radiating from the roll, parallelto its axis, is a number of'blades, called fly bars. Directly below theroll is the bed plate, consisting of a number of flat metal plates orbars bolted together, with a strip of wood between each two plates,thereby forming spaces between the plates, spaces about as wide,usually, as the plates are thick. The bars of the bed plate run parallelor substantially parallel to the shaft.

This bed plate is secured in a chair or box formed in the bottom of the.tub, and by adjusting the altitude of the roll the fly bars are made tocooperate with the bars of the :7 bed plate in the desired manner.

The fly bars in the roll act upon the stuff in the tub much as theblades of a boats paddle wheel and the stuff is set in rapid circulationaround the midfeather. In order 4 to facilitate this circulation a sortof dam,

.3 the bottom of the tub. The roll carries the stuff up to and over thecrest of the back fall and the stuff is given momentum by its dew-eat ofthe slope. Although heaters of modiiied construction have appeared from53 time to time since the advent of the holto be made therefrom,etc.Other characteristics may or may not be imparted to the fibers, asdesired, but in all cases two things are important in beating paperstock: (1) the material should be abundantly hydrated, and (2)generation of heat should be avoided. One of the objects of thisinvention is to secure these desiderata.

Another object is to control the flow of stutf around the circuit so asto more thoroughly mix the components; also to insure uniform treatmentof all the stuff.

I shall now proceed to describe a physical embodiment of my invention,assisted by the accom mnying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a diagrammaticplan view of a beater of the holland type. But this beater differs fromthe hollander in that the fly bars are arranged in groups, with spacesbetween the groups, and the bars are set diagonlallly instead ofparallel to the axis of the r0 Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of thisbeater, also diagrammatic, showin the relationship gfuthe roll, bedplate, midfeather and back- Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional View of aroll built in accordance with my invention;

Fig. 4 is a fragmental end view of the roll, with the outer disk removedto show the manner in which the grouping and support of the diagonal flybars are effected;

b "Fig. 5 is an end View of an unmounted fly Fig. 6 is a view of the flybar, looking toward its corrugated edge;

Fig. 7 is a lan view of a group of fly bars of modified orm;

Fig. 8 is an elevation of a fragment of the group shown in Fig. 7 andFig. 9 is an end view similar to Fig. 4, but

containing groups of bars of the type shown in Figs 7 and 8.

Referring first to Figs. 1 and 2, the tub is indicated at 25, themidfeather at 26, the roll at 27, the bed plate at 28 (Fig. 2 only) andthe'back-fall at 29. In Fig. 2 the direction of rotation of the roll isindicated with an arrow, and in Fig. 1 arrows indicate the direction inwhich the stuff circulates around the midfeather. It will be assumedthat the bed plate is of the ordinary construction, consisting of flatbars bolted together with strips of wood between them to form spacesbetween the bars.

Referring now to Fig. 3, it will be seen that the shaft 30 has threedisks rigidly secured to it, a center disk 31 and two end disks, 32, 32.In Fig. 4 the near disk 32 has been removed, revealing disk 31. Theperimeter of the disk 31 comprises a rim 33, carrying a series of lugsor teeth 34. At one side of the root' of each of these teeth, indicatedat 35, Fig. 4 the teeth are under-cut. The spaces 36 between the teethare thus given a dovetail form at their inner parts. The teeth are tiedtogether by narrow webs 37, Fig. 3. The end disks being alike, one onlywill be described. The rim 38 carries teeth 39, said teeth being tiedtogether by webs 40, which webs are, in effect, part of the disk itself.The teeth are also undercut at one side'of the root, not

' shown, to form the dovetail described in connection with disk 31. Thedisks 32, 32 are so placed on the shaft 30 with reference to disk 31,that the spaces between the teeth of the several disks are in alinementand parallel with the axis of the shaft.

I shall now describe the manner of mounting the fly bars in groups withspaces between the groups. Figs. 3 and 4 show the fly bars set in blocks50, which blocks are rectangular in plan and of substantial thickness.Grooves are formed in these blocks to receive the dovetail-shaped inneredges 51 of the fly bars 51, the shape of which edges is shown in Fig.5. The grooves are made somewhat wider than the edges 51 are thick, andwedges 52 are driven into the grooves to close the spaces and secure thebars therein. Beginning close to the surface of the block the bars arecorrugated radially as in Fig. 6. See also Figs. 4 and 5. At the forwardedge of each group each bar has its forward corner rounded off as shownin Fig. 4. Each block 50 has a rib or tongue 53 extending from onelongitudinal edge, and coextensive with the block. In the same positionon the other longitudinal edge the block has a groove 54 complementaryto the tongue 53. The blocks 50 are attached to the roll by means ofsupporting bars 60, which bars lie in the radial slots in theperipheries of the disks 31 and 32. One side of each' of thesebars 60has a groove to receive the tongue 53 on the block 50, and on theopposite side the bar has a tongue adapted to enter a groove 54 in ablock 50. See Fig. 4. A space 55 between each two groups of bars isformed by leaving the space between two supporting bars 60 without ablock 50 and filling the space with wood.

For this purpose I prefer to use two pieces of wood. One piece, 61, hasa groove to receive the tongue on the bar. After this piece of wood isin place I drive in the second piece 62, which is slightly wedge-shapein cross section. The wood filling is flush with the suporting bars 60,which bars are flush with the blocks 50. Each supporting bar has a notchin its inner edge which enables the bar to straddle the web 37 betweenthe teeth 34 on the disk 31. See Fig. 3. When the fly bars 51 wear outthey can be replaced. New bars can be put into the'old blocks.

One reason for adopting the structure just described is that it enablesme to apply my improvement to many old rolls whiclr have previously beenequipped with the usual equally spaced, longitudinally disposed, flybars. In fact, the portion of the disk shown in Fig. 4 illustrates adisk designed to carry the ordinary fly bar equipment. It will benoticed that below the center of each block 50 in Fig. 4 there is avacant slot 36, and that the width of all the teeth 34 is the same. Inthis connection it should be remarked that each wooden filler 61-62hides a tooth 34 in the disk 31. In other words, Fig. 4 illustrates myimproved fly bar arrangement applied to a roll built originally for theold fly bar arrangement. In building a roll especially for equipmentwith my fly bar arrangement no slots would be made at the points wherethe vacant slots 36 appear in Fig. 4.

teferriug to Figs. 7, 8 and 9. I shall now describe a modifiedarrangement for mounting the fly bars. Instead of the block 50 I providea sort of box or tray, consisting of two castings fastened together withbolts 71. The fly bars 72 are merely flat metal strips, corrugated.These are spaced apart by fillers 7 4. The unit thus formed is mountedupon the roll by means of supporting bars 75 substantially as in thefirst described structure.

Reference has hereinbefore been made to the action of fly bars upon thestuff in the tub, as being somewhat like that of the blades of a boatspaddle wheel. My fly bars produce this effect, but considerably modifiedby their diagonality and corrugations. The bars moving through the stuffcarry the stuff along, resulting in its circulation around themidfeather, but because of the diagonality of the bars the stuff is alsomoved laterally to some extent. That is, the stuff is moved toward theinidfeather or toward the side of the tub, according to which way thebars lean. If it is deemed undesirable to constantly move the stufflaterally in the same direction, the bars in one group may lean one wayand regard for strength.

the bars in the next group lean the other way, etc. This lateralmovement of the stuff in one direction, or alternately in oppositedirections, serves to mix the ingredients very thoroughly, which etfectis enhanced by the corrugz'itions. The speed of the roll is greater, ofcourse, than the velocity of flow of the st uff, so there is a flow ofstuff along the spaces between the fly bars. The corrugations agitatethe stud as it flows along these spaces, which aids in the mixing of thestuff, and insures the abundant hydration of the fibres. All of thisaids in cooling the fly bars. The broad spaces 55 between the groups offly bars form ample reservoirs to feed stufl' to and receive it from thespaces between the fly bars. For some purposes it may be desirable toreduce the width of the inter-group spaces 55, and either make thegroups wider or put in more groups. There are several ways in which thismight be done. Additional groups might be put into the spaces 55, inplace of the wood fillers. If this should result in making theinter-group spaces too narrow the supporting'bars might be made thicker.

The operation of a beater equipped with my improved roll presents somevaluble and unique characteristics. I prefer to make my fly bars as thinas is consistent with a proper The rigidity of the bars is increased bytheir being corrugated.

Because of their thinness the heat generated by their coaction with thebed plate is quickly carried off by the stuff. Moreover, because of theobliquity of the fly bars less heat is generated than if the barsextended longitudinally. Theoretically the amount of work done by abeater should be proportional to the number of fly bars multiplied bythe number of bars in the bed plate. In practice, however, this is foundto be not so. It has been found that with a bed plate having numerousbars the output of a beater is not proportionately greater than when thebed plate hasbut a few bars, the quality of the product being the samein both cases. This is due to de-hydration of the stuff, which. in turn,is due to the comparative stagnation. of the stuff in the spaces betweenthe fly bars of the roll. With the stuff in agitated flux, as betweenthe corrugated bars of my roll, there no (lo-hydration of the fibrouscomponent of the stuff, and all of the bars in the bed plate are equallyeffective.

product of the fly bars and bed plate bars.

If desired alternation of the diagonality of the fly bars may be onother than a one to one basis. For example, two groups may have theirbars loan in one direction to each group in which the bars lean theother way. Thus unique efl'ects may be produced.

No mechanism is shown for raising and lowering the roll, or rotating it,vthese features being well known in the art. Nor is it Therefore the'output of the beater is proportional to the necessary to discuss thetechnique of roll adjustment. It suffices to say that because of thecopious hydration of the fibrous component of the stuff, and the freeaction of the roll due to the relative angularity of the fly bars andthe bars of the bed plate, the roll may be rotated at a much highervelocity than usual without danger of burning the stuff. For the samereason the fly bars may be run in very close adjustment to the bedplate.

One possible variation of my present invention consists in using a rollwith the old longitudially disposed fly bars and a bed plate havingfree-standing diagonally disposed bars. In other words, instead ofmodifying the roll I 1nay,'in elfect, use as a bed plate one of thegroups shown in Fig. 4. This would be a departure from all presentpractice in that the bed plate per se would afford a passage for thecirculating stuff, Whereas the ordinary bed plate acts as a dam andimpedes the flow of stuff.

In referring to the position of the bars on the roll I have used theterm diagonal, where it may be thought that I should have used the wordhelical. If the fly bars were much longer than they are it probablywould be necessary, at least desirable, to give the bars a helical form.For structural reasons I prefer to make the bars straight, which ispracticable with the bars as short as they are. In this case the termshelical and diagonal are practically synomymous.

I have described my invention with such deliniteness and particularityas to enable persons skilled in the art to which the inventionappertains to make and use the invention, and have illustrated anddescribed one embodiment of the invention; also a modification of saidembodiment. It is not to be understood, however, that other embodimentsor modifications may not be devised. On the contrary the scope of myinvention is defined by the appended claims, as follows:

1. In a beater roll, fly bars arranged in groups on the peripherythereof with spaces between the groups, the bars being set diagonallywith spaces between them, which spaces connect with the aforesaid spacesbetween the groups.

In a heater roll, fly bars arranged in groups on the perihpery thereofwith spaces between the groups, the bars being set diagonally withspaces between them, which spaces connect with the aforesaid spacesbetween the groups, the diagouality of the bars in some of said groupsbeing opposite to that of the bars in the ren'iaining groups.

3. In a heater roll, fly bars arranged in groups on the peripherythereof with spaces between. the groups, the bars being set diagouallywith spaces between them, which spaces connect with the aforesaid spacesbetween the groups, the spaces between the bars being of such width anddepth as to permit a free flow of stuff therethrough.

4. In a beater roll, fly bars arranged in groups on the peripherythereof with spaces between the groups, the bars being set diagonallywith spaces between them, and corrugated radially, the inter-bar spacesconnecting the inter-group spaces.

- 5. In a beater roll, fly bars arranged in groups, the bars being setdiagonally with spaces between them, the diagonality of the bars in someof the groups being opposite to that of the bars in the remaininggroups, the inter-bar spaces permitting flow of stuff therethrough.

6. In a beater roll, fly bars arranged in groups, the bars being setdiagonally with spaces between them, the diagonality of the bars in someof said groups being opposite to that of the bars in other groups, thebars being corrugated radially.

7. A rectangular metal block having broad and comparatively thin metalbars standing on edge thereon, the edges of the bars being embedded inthe block, said bars running diagonally across the block with spacesbetween them, the bars being corrugated perpendicularly to the block.

8. A rectangular metal block, having broad and comparatively thin metalbars standing on edge thereon, the edges of the bars being embedded inthe block, said bars running diagonally across the block with spacesbetween them.

9. A beater roll comprising a shaft carrying a plurality of disks havingradially extending slots formed in their perimeters,supporting barssecured in said slots and connecting the several disks; rectangularmetal blocks having fly bars standing on edge thereon, the edges of thebars being embedded in the block, said fly bars being placed diagonallythereon, and means for securing each block between and to two of saidsupporting bars with the outer surface of the block flush with the edges01 the bars.

10. A beater roll comprising a shaft carrying a plurality of disks,having radially extending slots formed in their perimeters, supportingbars secured in said slots and connecting the several disks; fly barsarranged in groups. said bars being set diagonally with spaces betweenthem. and means for securing each group between and to a pair of saidsupporting bars.

11. A beater roll comprising a shaft carrying a plurality of disks,having radially extending slots formed in their perimeters, supportingbars secured in said slots and connecting the several disks, fly barsarranged in groups, said bars being set diagonally with spaces betweenthem, means for securing each group between and to a pair of saidsupporting bars, there being one-half as many groups as there aresupporting bars, the spaces between said pairs of supporting bars beingclosed by wooden fillers whose outer surfaces are substantially flushwith the outer edge of said supporting bars.

12. A rectangular metal block, having slots in one side runningdiagonally from one longitudinal edge to the other, beater bars havingtheir basal edges anchored therein, the remainder of the bars extendingfree-standing from the surface of the block.

13. A rectangular metal block, having slots in one side runningdiagonally from one longitudinal edge to the other, said slots beingdovetail-shape, beater bars having dovetailshape basal edges, said edgesbeing secured in said slots with wedges.

14. A rectangular metal block, having slots running diagonally from onelongitudinal edge to the other, beater bars removably anchored in saidblock.

15. A beater roll having corrugated fly bars set on the roll diagonally,there being deep spaces between said bars, which spaces are open at eachend, thereby permitting flow of stuff therethrough as the roll revolves.

16. The method of beating paper stufl, which method comprises producinga circulatory flow of stuff in the tub, and at the same time moving thestuff laterally with reference to its path of circulation at one pointin the circuit.

17. The method of beating paper stuff, which method comprises producinga circulatory flow of stuff in the tub, and at the same time moving thestuif alternately to the right and left with reference to its path ofcirculation at one point in the circuit.

18. The method of beating paper stuff, which method comprises producinga circulatory flow of stuff in the tub, at the same time lnoving thestuff laterally With reference to its path of circulation at one pointin the circuit, and agitating the stufi' thus deflected.

19. A rectangular metal block, beater bars having rectilineal basaledges, which edges are embedded in the block, the portions of the barsoutside of the block being corrugated perpendicularly to the block.

20. A beater bar having a basal edge which is dovetail-shape incross-section, the remainder of the bar being corrugated.

21. A beater roll having fly bars set diagonally, with deep, broadspaces therebetween, which spaces are open at each end, therebypermitting free flow of stuff through said spaces as the roll rotates.

A beater roll having fly bars set diagonally. with deep spacestherebetween, which spaces are open at each end whereby to permit freeflow of stuff through them while the roll rotates.

23. A beater roll comprising a shaft carrying a plurality of diskshaving radially ex tending slots formed in their perimeters, supportingbars secured in said slots in pairs and connecting the several disks,groups of fly bars confined between said pairs of supporting bars, andwooden fillers driven between nelghboring pairs of supporting bars,whereby said supporting bars are caused to clamp the confined fly barswhen the wood becomes wet and swell 24. A beater roll comprising a shaftcarrying a plurality of disks having radially extending slots formed intheir perimeters, supporting bars secured in said slots in pairs andconnecting the several disks, said bars being anchored in the slots toprevent their movement under the influence of centrifugal force, groupsof fly bars confined between said pairs of supporting bars, and woodenfillers driven between neighboring pairs of supporting bars, wherebysaid supporting bars are caused to clamp the confined fly bars tightlywhen the wood becomes wet and swells.

ALBERT J. ALLISON.

